نوع مقاله : Articles
نویسندگان
1 قطب علمی هیدرودینامیک و دینامیک متحرک های دریایی، دانشکده مهندسی مکانیک، دانشگاه صنعتی شریف، تهران، ایران
2 دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، شاهرود، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Infill walls are one of the most important and problems in behavior of concrete structures during earthquake. This matter has become so important over the past few years as a result of the great damages caused by recent earthquakes. Masonry infill walls have negative and positive effects in building response.
In this paper interaction of masonry infill with concrete frame with 3 bays and 5 stories is surveyed. Masonry infill walls are modeled by node to node equivalent struts and SAP2000 is used for analysis. The results show that shear reinforcement of concrete columns in ordinary design is not sufficient and shear failure is occurred. Shear failure in columns cause loosing axial capacity of columns and results in collapsing of buildings. Stirrups should be designed for maximum forces in order to avoid this brittle failure.
An ideal form of structure is considered normally in order to analyze the structure, which undoubtedly has differences with its actual model. The actual model has also some differences with the computational model such as defects in the existence of infill walls, which will be neglected from their effects on the structure analysis and design. Distribution of these elements and their effects on stiffness and lateral strength of the constructions have generally overlooked during the design process. Seismic retrofitting of the structures needs detailed evaluation of these elements in reaction of structures to the applied loading. Although existence of the infill walls basically provides higher stiffness and strength for the frames, their detrimental effects on the structure performance is ignored due to the lack of adequate information about the behavior of frames and infill walls.
According to the failure mode of structures with masonry infill walls, it is seen that masonry infill walls have positive and negative effects on structure. Because of considerable stiffness and resistance of infill walls, existing of that should cause high torsion in stiffness and resistance of structure in plan and view. Thus an important question is: how the interaction between masonry infill walls and concrete frame should be considered in design of structures for preventing brittle failure of columns in future earthquakes. From a technical point of view, the modeling is categorized into:
i) Detailed modeling (micro)
ii) Simple modeling (macro)
The first category is based on the definition of finite element model of infill wall and is solved by formal plasticity and elasticity methods. In the second category, a general behavior of infill wall is important, and in this case one or several elements are used to model the behavior of infill wall. A 5-story frame with 3 bays has been investigated in this study. All frames have been filled by masonry walls with thickness of 0.23 m. Lateral force resisting system is intermediate concrete moment frame and the type II of soil according to Iranian seismic code of practice (Standard No. 2800). In this method of analysis, by assessing the target displacement of structures, lateral forces are increasingly applied to the structural model up to control point displacement achieve target displacement. Control point displacement is considered at roof level. An important point is adjacent the masonry walls to concrete frame cause intensive shear force at top and bottom of columns. Inadequacy of shear reinforcement in columns cause shear failure and also the results confirm it. Shear failure will eliminate the axial capacity of columns, and finally the building will collapse.
کلیدواژهها [English]
)