Comprehensive Assessment of Damage Indices of RC Frames in Conventional and Novel Seismic Design Approaches

Document Type : Articles

Authors

1 Daneshpajoohan Pishro Institute of Higher Education, Isfahan, Iran

2 Faculty of Civil Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran

Abstract

Experience of the past earthquakes reveals that conventional force based design (FBD) approach, only provide minimum requirement for life safety performance level of structures. While these methods do not capable to control structural seismic damages. In recent years, displacement based design approaches have been proposed as the main tools of performance based design. Direct displacement based design (DDBD) is recognized as one of the most efficient methods. In this method, an inelastic multi degree of freedom structure is substituted with an equivalent elastic single degree of freedom. The substitute structure is designed for a target displacement and an equivalent viscous damping using elastic displacement response spectrum. The effectiveness of this method has been examined in controlling the overall seismic demands of many structural systems, while the least attention has been paid to the effects of local damages.
In this study, seismic performance of a set of RC frames designed with DDBD and FBD approach (based on Iranian seismic code) has been investigated and compared with a focus on local damages. DDBD and FBD method was applied to four reinforced concrete regular frames of 3, 5, 7 and 11 story and performance of the methods was compared using inelastic time history analysis (ITHA). In the seismic assessment process, in addition to general structural responses, the distribution of local damages has also been investigated. The Park–Ang damage index was selected as the seismic damage index and probability of exceedance of the damage limit state was compared using fragility curves developed for five damage levels.
Results show that very good control of displacement and inter-story drift of RC frames designed with DDBD approach. Evaluation of the plastic hinge rotation shows, DDBD unlike FBD approach has been satisfied expected performance level. Furthermore DDBD approach provided more control on selected seismic damage index and distribution of damage index at height of structures is more uniform than FBD approach. The cost analysis shows that consumable rebar is increased 6.6%-52.11% and consumable concrete is up to 3.4% in DDBD approach compared with FBD approach, which is more exponential in frames with higher elevations.

Keywords

References

  1. ]1] Priestley, M.N., Calvi, G.M. and Kowalsky, M.J. (2007) Displacement-Based Seismic Design of Structures. IUSS press, Pavia, Italy.
  2. ]2] Sullivan, T. (2002) The Current Limitations of Displacement Based Design. A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the master degree in earthquake engineering, Rose school.
  3. ]3] Shibata, A. and Sozen, M.A. (1976) Substitute-structure method for seismic design in R/C. Journal of the Structural Division. 102(ASCE# 11824).
  4. ]4] Chopra, and Goel, R.K. (1999) Capacity-demand-diagram methods for estimating seismic deformation of inelastic structures: SDF systems. Civil and Environmental Engineering, 531.
  5. ]5] Judi, H.J., Fenwick, R.C. and Davidson, B.J. (2001) Direct displacement based design-a definition of damping. Proceeding of NZSEE Conference.
  6. ]6] Pettinga, J.D. and Priestley, M.J.N. (2005) Dynamic Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Frames Designed with Direct Displacement-Based Design. Research report No. rose-2005/02, Rose school.
  7. ]7] Beyer, K. (2005) Design and Analysis of Walls Coupled by Floor Diaphragms. A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the master degree in earthquake engineering, Rose school.
  8. ]8] Sullivan, T., Priestley, M.J.N. and Calvi, G. (2006) Direct displacement-based design of frame-wall structures. Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 10, 91-124.
  9. ]9] Massena, B., Degee, H. and Bento, R. (2010) Consequences of design choices in direct displacement based design of RC frames. Proceeding of 14th European Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Seismology (14ECEE), Ohrid, Macedonia.
  10. ]10] Nievas, C.I., and Sullivan, T.J. (2014) Developing the direct displacement-based design method for RC strong frame-weak wall structures. Second European Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Seismology, Istanbul.
  11. ]11] Ravinder, M. and Singh, A. (2016) Performance study on a pier designed using force based and direct displacement methods. International Journal of Engineering Science, 2024.
  12. ]12] Calvi, G.M. and Sullivan, T. (2009) Development of a model code for direct displacement based seismic design. The state of earthquake engineering research in Italy. The RELUIS-DPC 2005-2008 project.
  13. ]13] Calvi, G.M. and Sullivan, T.J. (2009) A model code for the displacement-based seismic design of structures. DBD09 draft subject to public enquiry. IUSS press, Pavia.
  14. ]14] Sullivan, T., Priestley, M.J.N. and Calvi, G. (2012) A model code for the displacement-based seismic design of structures. DBD12 draft subject to public enquiry. IUSS press, Pavia.
  15. ]15] Priestley, M.J.N. and Kowalsky, M.J. (2000) Direct displacement-based seismic design of concrete buildings. Bulletin of the New Zealand National Society for Earthquake Engineering, NZSEE, 33(4), 421-444.
  16. ]16] Izadi, Z.E. and Moghadam, A. (2015) Two important issues relevant to torsional response of asymmetric 8-story RC building designed with direct displacement based design approach. International Journal of Engineering-Transactions, 28(9), 1257-1267.
  17. ]17] Montejo, L.A. and Kowalsky M.J. (2007) Cumbia-set of Codes for the Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Members. Report No is-07-01, Constructed facilities laboratory, North carolina state university, Raleigh.
  18. ]18] Bracci, J.M., Reinhorn, A.M., and Mander, J.B. (1995) Seismic resistance of reinforced concrete frame structures designed for gravity loads performance of structural system. ACI Structural Journal, 92(5), 597-610.
  19. Koyluoglu, H.U. Nielsen, S.R.K., Çakmak, A.Ş., Kirkegaard, P.H. (1997) Prediction of global and localized damage and future reliability for RC structures subject to earthquake. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 26(4), 463-475.
  20. Mikami, T. and Lemura, H. (2000) Demand spectra of yield strength and ductility factor to satisfy the required seismic performance objectives. Proceeding of JSCE, No.689, 333-342.
  21. Estekanchi, H.E., Arjomandi, K. and Vafai, A. (2007) Estimating structural damage of steel moment frames by endurance time method. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 64(2), 145-155.
  22. Park, Y.J., Reinhorn, A.M. and Kunnath, S.K. (1987) IDARC: Inelastic damage analysis of reinforced concrete frame-shear-wall structures.
  23. ]23] Bahar, O. and Taherpour, A. (2008) Nonlinear dynamic behavior of RC buildings against accelerograms with partial compatible spectrum. 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Seismology (14WCEE), Beijing, China.
  24. ]24] Pekelnicky, R., and Poland, C. (2017) ASCE 41-17: Seismic evaluation and retrofit of existing buildings. In SESOC 2017 convention.
  25. Barron-Corvera, R. (2001) Spectral Evaluation of Seismic Fragility of Structures.
  26. Nielson, B.G. (2005) Analytical fragility curves for highway bridges in moderate seismic zones. Diss. Georgia Institute of Technology.
  27. Cornell, C.A. (2002) Normalization and sealing accelograms for nonlnear structural analysis. Proceedings of the 6th U.S. National Conference in Earthquake Engineering, Paper No. 243.
  28. Vamvatsikos, D. and Cornell, C.A. (2002) Incremental dynamic analysis. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 31(3), 491–514.
  29. Lilliefors, H.W. (1967) On the kolmogorov-smirnov test for normality with mean and variance unknown. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 62(318), 399-402.
  30. Anderson, T.W., Darling, D.A. (1954) A test of goodness of fit. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 49(268), 765-769.
  31. Test, Chit-Square. Chi-Square Test. EEC 686: 785.

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 19 May 2018
  • Revise Date: 10 February 2021
  • Accept Date: 26 December 2020

Share

How to cite

Statistics