تأثیر زلزله‌های پی‌درپی در ترتیب وقوع و محل تشکیل مفاصل پلاستیک ساختمان‌های بتن‌آرمه

نوع مقاله : Articles

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی عمران، واحد سمنان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، سمنان، ایران

2 مرکز تحقیقات ژئوتکنیک لرزه‌ای و بتن توانمند، گروه مهندسی عمران، واحد سمنان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، سمنان، ایران

چکیده

در بسیاری از آیین­نامه­های ساختمانی ضوابط طراحی بر اساس لرزش اصلی بوده و اثرات پس­لرزه در تحلیل و طراحی ساختمان در نظر گرفته نمی‌شود. تجربه وقوع زمین‌لرزه‌های گذشته نشان داده که وقوع پس­لرزه می­تواند تأثیر بسزایی در افزایش مقدار جا­به­جایی سازه، نحوه تشکیل مفاصل پلاستیک، تغییر سطح عملکرد سازه و گاهی انهدام سازه داشته باشد. لذا در این تحقیق مطالعه وسیعی بر روی پاسخ غیرخطی رده‌های مختلف سازه‌ای اعم از کوتاه‌مرتبه، میان‌مرتبه و بلندمرتبه (ساختمان‌های 4، 7، 10، 13، 16 و 20 طبقه) بتن­آرمه قاب خمشی تحت اثر هفت رکورد منفرد (فقط لرزش اصلی) و هفت رکورد دارای پس­لرزه (لرزش اصلی به همراه پس‌لرزه) انجام شده است. میانگین دوران پلاستیک و نحوه تشکیل آنها و همچنین چرخش طبقه و سطح عملکرد سازه تحت تحلیل تاریخچه زمانی غیرخطی محاسبه و با هم مقایسه شد. نتایج نشان می­دهد تحت اثر پس­لرزه ساختمان دچار خرابی­های شدیدی شده و تعداد مفاصلی که از محدوده LS عبور می­کند به‌طور قابل‌توجهی افزایش می­یابد به‌طوری‌که این مقدار در ساختمان 13 طبقه 31 برابر شده به‌گونه‌ای که بعد از وقوع زمین‌لرزه در آستانه فروریزش قرار گرفت. در همه سازه‌ها به‌جز ساختمان 4 طبقه، تحت رکورد زلزله‌ی دارای پس‌لرزه، مفاصل پلاستیک در ستون‌های بعضی از طبقات تشکیل شد. همچنین مقدار میانگین دوران پلاستیک در ساختمان 20 طبقه در طبقه دهم تا 25 درصد نسبت به سایر طبقات افزایش داشته است. مقدار چرخش طبقه به‌طور قابل‌توجهی تحت اثر پس­لرزه افزایش داشت به‌طوری‌که در ساختمان 10 طبقه، در طبقه چهارم این مقدار تا 41/9 برابر شده است.

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